Ammunition abrading apparatus



June 6, 1944. H. J. HACKMAN 2,350,553

AMMUNITION ABRADING APPARATUS Filed March 11, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 1INVENTOR AGENT June 6, 1944. H. J. HACKMAN AMMUNITION ABRADING APPARATUS5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledMarch 11, 1941 e Harvey J Hue/ mam AGENT 5Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Had/ marl AGENT June 6, 1944. w H. J. HA CKMANAMMUNITION ABRADING APPARATUS Filed March 11, 1941 Harvey J BY fiend!June,6, 1944. /H. J. HACKMAN I ,5

. INVENTOR Harvey J fiaz'ifmmz June 6, 1944. H. J. HACKMAN AMMUNITIONABRADING APPARATUS Filed March ll, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June6, 1944 TENT OFFICE AMMUNITION ABRADING APPARATUS Harvey J. Hackman,Kings Mills, Ohio, assignor to Remington Arms Company, Inc., acorporation of Delaware Application March 11, 1941, Serial No. 382,689

3 Claims. (01. 51-108) This invention relates, in general, toammunition, particularly to shot shells. and contemplates a novel methodand means to abrade a portion of the surface ofa shot shell. The invention is particularly adapted for use in con nection with shot shellshaving waxed paper bodies but is adaptable to shell bodies of othermaterials.

It is to be understood that the invention as hereinafter disclosed maybe a separate unit or may be but one station of a dial or straight lineshotshell loading machine. Examples of typical loading machines whereinthe present invention may constitute one station are illustrated in thepatent to Chamberlin, No. 320,219, dated June 16, 1885, and the patentto Peters, No. 561,029, dated May 26, 1896.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved method of abradinga fiber tube. A further object is to abrade a fiber tube by utilizingthe effect of maintaining relatively different peripheral speeds betweenrotating means and a fiber tube rotated by said means. An additionalobject is to support a paper tube be tween a plurality'of surfacesmoving relatively at different speeds, at least one of the surfaceshaving abrasive properties. A still further object is to feed a papertube having a waxed surface between a plurality of'abrading meansrotating relatively at' different peripheral speeds and to permit thetube to be supported and rotated by the abrading means, whereby the waxis removed from the surface of the tube.

sistsin the novel constructions and combinations hereinafter more fullydescribed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows an elevation of a portion ofa dial machine includingasingle abrading unit.

Fig. 2 is a schematic-view of a modification of the abrading machine ofFig. 1 and illustrates the assembly of a plurality of abrading units.

Fig. .3 is a plan view of the abrading unit on the right hand end of theassembly of units of Fig. 2. v

Fig. 4 is a front View of two abrading units including the unit shown inFig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a View ,of an abrading unit per se from the left hand end ofthe assembly.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view, in elevation, of a modified construction ofthe abrading unit.

Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the abrading unit of Fig. 6.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of one station of adial machine includ- With these and other objects in view the inventionconing a single abrading' unit. It is to be clearly understood that theterms unit or abrading unit shall mean the assembly of a plurality ofsimilar or'dissimilar abrading means per se and driving means therefor.This unit comprises a frame or bed plate I which supports or to which issuitably secured an angle bracket 2 having a horizontally disposedextension or shelf portion 3. A pair of spaced openings or drilled holes4, 5 are made in the shelf portion 3 in which bushings 6, I of a pair ofabrading wheel spindles 8, 9 are suitably secured, the longitudinal axesof the bushings 6, I and spindles 8, 9 extending substantially at rightangles to the horizontal'surface of the shelf 3. The spindle 8 isrotatably retained in its bushing 6 by suitable fastening meansindicated generally in the drawings by the retaining nut ID. The spindle9 may be secured in its bushing 1 by means of a bearing collar llsuitably mounted on the shelf 3. It will be appreciated, however, thatany equivalent means of rotatably supporting the spindles is to beregarded as within the scope of this invention. The spindle 9 has awedge-belt single groove pulley I2 keyed or otherwise secured to itsupper end and connected by a suitable belt l3, preferably a V belt, to asingle groove drive pulley 14. The latter is keyed to the motor shaft l5of a motor !6. In the drawings the particular motor shown for drivingthe combination has power characteristics such as to turn upapproximately 1725B. P. M. It will be understood, however, that it iswithin the scope of this invention to use any suitable power sourcehaving similar characteristics or characteristics compatible with theabrasive used. A second single groove pulley l1, having a hub portionI8, is keyed or pinned near the lower end of the vertical spindle 9under the bracket shelf 3, and is adapted to be spaced from the undersurface of the shelf by a suitably arranged spacing collar 19. Thepulley I1 is connected by a V belt 20 to drive a single groove pulley 2|having a hub portion 22 by which the pulley is keyed or otherwise fixedto the spindle 8. As shown in the drawings, the driven pulley 2| ispreferably of the same dimensions as the driving pulley l1 whereby thedriving ratio between the two pulleys is substantially one to one andthe spindle speeds substantially equal. If desired, however, this ratiomay be varied by substituting pulleys of different diameters to procurerelatively different spindle speeds. 23 represents an abrasive surfaceor disc, in this instance a wire brush wheel, having an integral hubportion 24 and suitable fastening means associated therewith whereby thewheel is pinned or keyed near the lower end of the spindle 9. Inaccordance with this invention a supporting plate or disc 26 is suitablyfastened to the extreme lower end of the spindle 9 and immediatelybeneath the under surface of the abrading disc 23 so as to provide asubstantially horizontal supporting surface for the abrading wheel. Thisfeature is particularly desirable from the standpoint of providing meansto prevent the distortion and disfigurement of the abrading wheel, whichtends to occur after periods of long use, and thereby maintain cuts ofconsistent depth during the abrading process. A similar abrading disc21, preferably of smaller diameter than the disc 23, is suitablyfastened near the lower end of the spindle 8 and is provided on itsunder surface with a supporting plate 28 in a manner similar to theoutlined above and for a similar purpose. It will be noted that thediameter of each supporting plate 26 and 28 is somewhat less than thediameterof its respective abrading wheel 23 and 21 so that the peripheryof each wheel extends slightly beyond the edge of its supporting discfor the ob vious purpose of providing unsheathed abraded surfaces '29and 30 which, after being subjected to slight wear, will still retaintheir abrading properties without interference fromthe adja centsupporting discs. An additional element, shown as a metal disc 3|, isfixed to the upper surface of the abrading disc 21 in a manner so as torotate therewith, and is of greater diameter than either the abradingdisc 21 or'its supporting disc 28. This disc 3| forms, in effect, acircular lip around the upper edge of the periphery of the abrading disc21, which acts as a gauge or limit plate to prevent the paper tube fromelevating or climbing during rotation. Thus the length of the abradedsurface, measuredalong the longitudinal axis of-each tube, canbenicely'controlled and maintained uniform throughout quantityproduction lots. While but a single gauge disc has been shown anddescribed. it will be understood that two such discs may be used, thesecond disc assisting the first and being carried by the abrading disc23. As shown, the abrading unit is constructed as one station of thewell known dial machine, and accordingly the mechanism for feeding apaper or fibre tube between the two abrading surfaces comprises theusual rotating loading or feeding dial 32, rotatable about a verticalshaft or axis 33, and having a plurality of radially disposed fibre tubereceptacles of pockets, indicated generally in the drawings by thebosses 34. Each boss 3*! is formed integrally with and suitably spacedabout the outer circumference of the loading dial -32. A hole is drilledvertically through each boss 34 and through the corresponding portion ofthe loading dial 32 and a bushing 36 or receptacle lining fitted intothe drilled hole 35. The inner cylindrical wal1 3'! of each bushing 35thus constitutes a bearing surface for the rotation of a fibre tube 38freely mounted therein. It will be evident that the receptacles orpockets 34 are, in effect, nothing more than open ended sleeves whichconstruction is for the purpose of effecting the automatic discharge ofa finished tube. In order to prevent the discharge of the tubes beforethey have been abraded suitable supporting means is provided comprisinga substantially fiat surface 39 arranged immediately beneath the undersurface of the loading dial 32 and of such size and configuration as toeffect a supporting slideway beneath the plurality of open ended sleeves38 during that portion of their travel when tubes 38 are being fedthereto and conveyed to the abrading wheels 23 and 21. 40 indicates arelatively narrow circumferential ledge or tongue formed on the lowerportion of the dial 32, said ledge comprising two bearing surfaces 4|and 42 substantially parallel to each other, adapted to engage similarbearing surfaces 43, 44 suitably grooved in the lower portion of the bedor frame I. This tongue and groove construction in the adjacentrelatively moving edges of the loading dial 32 and frame I constitutesmeans for maintaining the smooth and accurate operation of theco-operating parts.

Movement of the loading dial 32 is effected in any well known manner,such movement being preferably intermittent rotation for carrying thetubes 38 to the several loading stations including peripheral contactwith the abrading wheels 23 and 21, and may be accomplished by thecommonly used pawl and ratchet mechanism 0 equivalent mechanisms notshown.

Although the description of the loading dial 32 has been limited to theconstruction shown in the drawings, it is understood that the inventionis not so limited and that its scope may cover the combination of anabrading unit with other commonly used loading means. Such amodification, too obvious to need illustration, would be the so-calledstraight line loading machine having an endless conveyor chain withreceptacles therein for carrying the paper tubes into contact with theabrading wheels. Suitable automatic feeding means for feeding papertubes to the receptacles on the loading dial or conveyor chain may beused in combination with the abrading unit. For the purpose ofillustration only such means may comprise a suitably arranged hopper 45having a delivery pipe 46 extending to a point immediately adjacent theloading dial receptacles, whereby a paper or fibre tube is automaticallyfed by gravity into each receptacle as it passes beneath the mouth ofthe pipe. methods of feeding the tubes into the dial or chainreceptacles may be used as, for instance, means for feeding the tubes upinto the receptacles from the bottoms thereof.

The method of operation is believed to be obvious from the abovedescription of the component elements, but for the sake of clarity abrief resume follows. Assuming that the motor I6 is running and that thespindle 9 is being driven by its pulley and belt connections; thespindle pulley l1 and belt 2!] drive the spindle pulley 2|. the speedratio being one to one so that the speed of rotation of the spindle 8 issubtantially the same as that of spindle 9. Rotation of the spindles 8and 9 effects the rotation of the respective abrading discs 23 and 21.However the effective diameters of the wheels are different andconsequently the peripheral or abrading surfaces of the respectivewheels move relatively at different peripheral speeds. Thus, as theloading dial 32 or its receptacles 36 carry a freely rotatable fibretube 38 into peripheral contact with the juxtaposed abrading wheels 23and 27, the latter engage the periphery of the tube adjacent its upperedge in such a manner as not only to rotate the tube but also to supportthe tube independently of the support given by the sleeve receptacle 36.Moreover, due to the relative peripheral speeds of the abradingsurfaces, the seized tube does not assume the speed of either It isunderstood, however, that other...

abrading surface but is compelled to rotate at a resultant peripheralspeed; that is to say its peripheral speed is diiferentfromthat ofeither abrading wheel. Accordingly an abrading action is effectedbetween the respective surfaces whereby a substantially thin film orlayer of fibre or paper is sanded or shredded off the surface of thetube. After the tube has been abraded it is carried by the loading dial32 to other stations in the tube loading cycle and finally to a pointbeyond the end of the supporting slideway 39, whereupon the completedtube immediately drops out of its supporting sleeve 35 and is suitablydischarged from the machine.

a While the above description has been confined, for simplicitys sake,to a'single abrading unit, adapted particularly to constitute onestation of a dial or straight line loading machine, it will beunderstood that a plurality of such units having individual tube feedinmeans may be suitably assembled on a bed frame and driven from a singlepower source. Fig. 2 of the drawings shows a series of abrading units,in this case modificat ons of the unit of Fig. l, suitably mounted on asingle frame and connected together and driven from a common powersource. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show, in more detail, the construction andassembly of the modified units. It may be said at the outset that theassembly includes, .in general, a plurality of similar abrading unitsdenoted generally by numeral 52, suitably spaced along the assemblyframe 50, and a dissimilar master abrading unit 53, so called because itcontrols in part the operation of the units 52. The master abrading unit53 is shown mounted on the right-hand end of the assembly frame.

Referring to the drawings, a single power source for operating theassembled combinations is, in this case, a totally enclosed circulargear head motor 5| of substantially one-third rated horse power, havinga shaft speed of approximately 357 revolutions per minute, suitablyconnected on the back of and at the left-hand end of the assembly frame59 by a plurality of securing means 54, 54, etc. The particular motor orpower source used and its location relative to the abrading units may bevaried and motor having different power characteristics may be installedto meet the requirements of size, location and other conditions peculiarto each installation. The motor shaft carries a wedge-belt single groovepulley 55 which is connected by a V-belt 55 to a wedge-belt singlegroove pulley 51 of the main drive shaft 58. Inasmuch as all the pulleysand belts shown in the drawings aresubstantially of the sameconfiguration, the terms pulley and belt as here nafter used shall beunderstood to mean a wedge-belt single groove pulley and a V-beltrespectively unless otherwise denominated. The use of the wedge-belttype of pulley and V-belt is preferred for the purpose of includingcertain adjustable features in the invention as hereinafter disclosed,but it is to be distinctly understood that equivalent belts arecontemplated.

The main shaft 58 is mounted in suitable bearings 59, 59, 59, at spacedpoints along the assembly frame and carries a plurality of spacedpulleys suitably keyed thereto. The series of pulleys 60 carry belts 6|,which connect with corresponding pulleys of a series of delivery hoppers(not shown) adapted to deliver fiber tubes to the abrading units, ashereinafter disclosed. A second series of pulleys B2 are properly spacedalong the main drive shaft 58, are keyed thereto, and

carry V'-belts 63 which drive a corresponding series of capital pulleys64 of the a brading units. In thedrawings the diameters of the'capitalpulleys and the drive pulleys 62 are in the ratio of 2 to 3respectively, whereby the speed of rotation of each capital pulley 64 issubstantially one and rage-half times that of its respective drivepulley The foregoing description has related to one method of assemblingand driving the plurality of abrading units from a single powersource-but it is to be clearly understood that the present invention isnot intendedi'to be limited-thereby and that suitable methods includingother .driv ing means and different speed ratios may be used within thescope of this invention. i

The extreme right-hand end of themain drive shaft 58,- see Fig. 4, haskeyed thereto a single groove pulley 65 for transmitting rotation to,the

feeding dials as hereinafter described, said pulley being connected by aV-belt 66 to a pulley 61., The latter is of the greater diameter, theratio being substantially l to 3, and is keyed in. anywellknown mannerto a horizontally disposed stud shaft 68 rotatively mounted in a pair ofbearings 69, '59 (see Fig. 3) bolted or otherwise secured in thelowerpart of the frame 50. Mechanism for transmitting intermittentrotation to the feeding dial includes a substantially solid wheel ordisc if! rotatively secured to the opposite end of the shaft 68. Apin'lZ (see, Fig. 5) suitably riveted or otherwise secured at a distalradial point of th disc Hi and projecting from the face thereofconstitutes an eccentric bearing pin for reciprocating the connectingrod 16. To this end the pin 12 is mounted in the bearing 13 of acoupling-arm M, the fore-end of the latter being suitably drilled andthreaded to -receive the screw threaded end f5 of the connectrod 16. Theopposite end of the connecting rod (see Fig. 5) is suitably screwthreaded into one end of a pivoted coupling-arm H; the opposite end ofthe couplin '1'! is bifurcated .and the spaced parallel arms 18, 18 soformed (see Fig. 3) provided with axially aligned. drilled holes adaptedto receive a pivot pin 79 which pivotally connects the arms 18, 18 tothe drilled tongue 80 of a block 8|. Reciprocation of the connecting rod12 thus effects reciprocation of the block 8| which is pivotallyconnected by abolt '82 to one arm 83 of a bell crank lever .The latterispivotally secured at its hub portion by anut and washer, indicatedgenerally by numeral 84, (see Fig. 4) to the extreme lower end 'of javertical spindle 85, the fit of the joined Darts beingsu ch that thebell crank may oscillate freely about the spindle in response to thereciprocation of the pivoted block iii. The other arm 'of the bell cranklever carries apivotally mounted pawl 86 adapted to be resiliently urgedby a s'uitably'arranged spring (not shown) to engageth'e'teeth 8! of theratchet wheel 83. The ratchet wheel 88 is suitably keyed or otherwisesecured to the spindle in the plane of the pawl, whereby oscillatorymotion of the pawl effects step by step or intermittent rotation of theratchet wheel 88 which, in turn, transmits intermittent rotation to thespindle 85 and the loading dial car'- ried thereby. Referring again toFig. 4, the spin dle 85 is shown rotatively mounted in the assemblyframe by means of a flanged bearing block 89 suitably secured, as bycountersunk bolts 90. to the assembly frame 59, and having a spindlebushing 9i pressed or sweated into each end of its axial bore. 92represents amaster sprocket ,wheel for driving the sprockets of thefeeding dials of .the abrading combinations 52 as hereinafter rib and iskeyed or otherwise secured to the spindle -85 between the lower end. ofthe flanged bearing and the upper face .of the ratchet wheel 88. Theupper surface of the flange or collar 93 of the bearing block 89is'adapted to act substantially as a flat bearing surface for the lowerend of the hub 94 of the fiber tube load- -ing or feeding dial 95. Thefeeding dial is axially-z'bored or drilled to receive the upper endofthe spindle 85- and is made to rotate intermittentlywith the spindle 85b-y-providing a pin-r keyvflt joining the parts. The dial may becon-'struct'ed as a substantially solid metal disc having'a plurality ofholes 91, 91, etc. drilled through its outer edge at spaced radialpoints around its periphery. A bushing or metal sleeve 98 ofgreater-length than the thickness of the dial and having inwardlybeveled or countersunk upper edges 99is adapted to be pressed or shrunkinto each drilledhole 91 of the dial, the upper edge of the bevel 99being substantially flush with the up- 'per surface of the dial and thelower portion of the bushing depending an appreciable length below theunder surface of the dial to form, in effect, a sleeve for guiding andsupporting a fiber tube carried therein. The inner diameter of eachsleeve 98is of such size that a fiber tube may be freely but smoothlyslipped or dropped into or out of the sleeve for the purposeshereinafter disclosed. In the previous discussion relative to Fig. 1,these sleeves 98 have been termed, for

thesake of clarity, receptacles or pockets and may be so termedhereinafter, but it is clearly :fiber tube to provide a surface on whichthe lower end or bottom of the tube may slide. In the presentmodification, this surface or slideway is indicated in Fig. by numeralI00 and comprises a flat semi-circular hardened plate mounted on theframe with its upper surface substantially flush with the surface of theframe.

The above description of the loading or feed- .ing dial 95 has beengiven particularly inrelation to the so-called master abrading unit 53,but the construction of the feeding dialsof the units 52 issubstantially the same and therefore a detailed description of each isbelieved unnecessary. Suffice itto call attention to the fact that theload- .ing dial spindle '85 of the unit '53 is somewhat 'lon-geiflthanthe spindles of the loading dials of the. units 52 for the obviouspurpose of accommodating the pawl and ratchet mechanism previouslydescribed, and that the intermittent drive for each loading dial of theunits 52 is effected by the sprocket and chain connections IOI and 102between each unit driven from the master sprocket wheel 92. The masterunit is further characterized by having a brake on the loading dial 95comprising aband I03 and a brake shoe I84 adapted to encircle orpartially encircle the hub portion 94 of the loading dial to preventoverrunning or, backlash thereof. arr-anchor, such as a vertical post orpin I85, issuitably fixed to the frame 50 and engaged by one end of thebrake band I33, the opposite end "of the band being moved or adjustedrelative to the fixed end of the band by means of an ad- For thispurpose justing screw I08 which tends to draw both ends of the bandtogether.

The operation and function of the parts as described so far may. bebriefly summarized as follows: The rotation of the main shaft 59 effectsthe rotation of the pulley 65 which by its belt 56 drives the pulley 01of the stud shaft 68. R0- tation of this shaft causes the eccentric pinI2 to effect reciprocation of the connecting rod I6 which, in turn,swings the bell crank lever 83 to and fro about its spindle axis 85. Thepawl alternately engages and disengages the ratchet teeth 81 of theratchet wheel 88 and hence transmits step by step rotation to thespindle 85. Step by step or'intermittent rotation thus characterizes themotion of the feeding dial and the master sprocket 92; -It is believedevident that the above-described braking means of the loading dial 95isdesirable'for the purpose of preventing any back lash or over-running ofthe dial whichmight arise due to the momentum of the moving parts.

Referring to Fig. 5, there is shown in detail the construction of themodified abrading means per se, and inasmuch as all the abrading meansper se are identical, a description of one will suffice forall.- IIl'Irepresents. a substantially rectang ular frame or table for supportingthe abrading means per se and comprises a rectangular top I08 and legs[09, I09 whereby the table is bolted to a part of the assembly frame 50.The horizontally disposed, top portion I08 has a pair of slots oropenings I I0 and I I I through which project the spindles of theabrading wheels which are adapted to be mounted below the top of thetable I08. The slots I I0 and I II also permit the spindles and theirabrading wheels to beadjusted relative to each other, as hereinafterdisclosed.

These slots or openings are substantially rectangular in shape and haverounded ends as indicated by the dotted lines H2 and H3 of Fig. 3. Inaddition to the slots a pair of narrow relatively shallow bearing-blockguide grooves are milled or otherwise formed in the surface of the atopposite ends of the tableas indicated by the numerals I I4 and I I5. Apair of spindle bearing-blocks IIB'and I" are adapted to be adjustablysupported on the table, each block comprising a substantially verticalbearing post integrally mounted or secured to one end of a laterallyprojecting foot portion I I8 and I I 9 respectively. A portion of theunder-surface of each foot is provided along its medial line with anintegrally formed longitudinal rib or tongue I20 and'l 2 I respectivelyadapted to slide in the aforesaid guidegrooves H4 and H5 of the tabletop whereby the foot of each block is restrained to move in a straightline. Each foot is itself providedwith a relatively narrow slot, I22 andI23 respectively of limited length and of suitable width to receive theadjusting bolts I24 and I25 respectively. The latter are threaded intoholes in the table top and constitute means for securing each foot, orits respective spindle bearing block, in adjusted position relative tothe'other. Adjustment of the spindle bearing-blocks IIG, I I1 relativeto each other along a common medial 'line is thus effected by looseningthe bolt I24 and I25 of each integral foot portion H8 and I I9respectively and then sliding the one foot along the table top I08toward'or away from the other foot. The amount of relative movement is,in most instances, very small, being, for example,

the difference between the diameters of a 12- gauge and a 16-gauge shotshell. By using the well-known wedge-belt pulleys and V-belts forconnecting the spindles to .the driving means, such slight relativemovement between the parts is readily taken up and a uniform drivemaintained. An additional means for locking the foot plate H8 in anadjusted position comprises a bracket I26 suitably bolted at its lowerend to the leg I09 and having a threaded hole I2! at its upper endsubstantially in line with the rear end of the foot plate II8. A boltI28 is threaded into thehole I21 and may be made to butt against therear end of the foot plate II8 so as to restrain the latter from anyinadvertent dislocation. As indicated in the drawings, eachbearing-block or post H6, II! has a pair of bushings I29, I29 and I30,I30 respectively, pressed or otherwise seated in the opposite endsthereof for rotatively supporting the vertical spindles I3I and I32 ofthe juxtaposed wheel I33 and I34 respectively. The wheel I33 is anabrading wheel and may comprise a wooden disc having a band of abrasivematerial I35 glued or otherwise secured around its periphery. Since theabrasive material is subject to severe wear and relatively rapiddeterioration, it is necessary to provide for the facile interchange ofa plurality of similar wheels, each of which carries the abradingmaterial. To effect this end, each disc I33 is pro vided with an axiallydrilled hole I36 whereby the disc may be slipped over a square hubportion I31 n the lower end of the spindle I3I. A pair of metal hubs orwashers I38, I38, each having a square axial hole of substantially thesame geometrical configuration and measurements as the square hub of thespindle I3I, are adapted to be placed each on one side of the disc I33;the assembled parts are mounted on the square hub I31 of the spindle I3Iand secured thereon by the nut I39, the washers I38, I38 actingsubstantially as keys to rotatively.connect the disc to, the spindle.The friction wheel I34 is preferably smaller than the abrading wheelI33, the ratio of diameters being substantially 1 to 2 respectively, andcomprises an axiallydrilled disc having a hub portion I40. The disc isadapted to be slipped onto the lower end of the spindle I32 and keyedthereto by means of a radially disposed screw (not shown) threaded intothe hub I40. The periphery or rim of the disc I34 is shown provided witha relatively resilient friction surface I4I, as, for example, a rubberband or tire;

however, for the purposes of this invention, the disc I34 may be formedof a substantially solid rubber composition material.

It will be understood that whereas the above description has been of theparticular abrasive wheels shown in the drawings, the invention is notso limited but may conceivably include abrasive wheels of otherwell-known materials and constructions.

As shown in Fig. 5, the upper end of the vertical spindle I3I isprovided with two single groove pulleys I42 and 64 keyed at their hubportions I43 and I44 respectively to the spindle I3I for driving theabrading wheel I33, the upper or so-called capital pulley 64 beingsuperposed on the lower pulley I42 and driven by belt 63 from the pulley62 on the main drive shaft 58, as previously described. In the drawingsthe ratio of diameters of the pulleys I42 and 64 is substantially 4 to 2I45 represents a single groove pulley for driving the friction disc I34keyed at its hub portion I46 to the upper end of the spindle I32 andconnected by a V-belt I41 to thedrive pulley I42, the ratio of diametersof the pulleys I42 and I45 being substantially 1 to 2. While theparticular types of pulleys and belts shown in th drawings and the ratioof pulley diameters are as described, it is to be clearly understoodthat the invention is not limited to the' particular driving means andspeed ratios shown, but comprehends equivalent elements andcombinations.

The pipe I48 (see Fig. 4) represents the commonly used feed pipe fordelivering fiber or paper tubes to the loading dial and extends from thebottom of a suitable hopper (not shown) to a point near the uppersurface of the loading dial at which a tube receptacle or pocket 98 ismoved into tube receiving position. A suitable angle bracket I49 havinga vertically disposed leg I50 is bolted or otherwise secured to theassembly frame 50, the leg I50 being formed substantially arcuate incross section to eifect a semicylindrical surface adapted to partiallyembrace the outer surface or wall of the feed pipe at, its mouth I5I toprevent the latter from vibrating or otherwisemoving out of axialalignment with the tube receiving pockets 98. The mouth I5I of the feedpipe I48 is shown as a separate short length of pipe or thlmble, securedto the end of the feed pipe I48 by a threaded coupling I52.

A detailed explanation of the methodof operation of the abrading unitper se is believed unnecessary in the light of the foregoingdescription, it being thought self-evident that asythe fiber tubes arefed; by gravity from a hopper through the feed. pipe I48 into theaxially aligned tube receptacles 98 of theloading dial 95, the fiber orpaper tubes drop through the sleeves 98 until brought to rest on theslideway I00 and are then made to slide intermittently along saidslideway by. the pawl and ratchet drive of the loading dial 95 to aposition between the spaced peripheral surfaces of the two wheels I33and I34. The paper tube, being freely retained in its receptacle orsleeve 98, is instantly seized and rotatively supported by thejuxtaposed surfaces of the wheels. Inasmuch as the latter are rotatingrelatively at different peripheral speeds, they transmit a resultantperipheral speed to the supported tube. As previously described, inconnection with the operation of the abrading unit of Fig. '1, theeffect of rotating the fiber or paper tube between two surfaces movingrelatively at different peripheral speeds, one of said surfaces havingabrasive properties, is to cause a rubbing or abrasive action to takeplace between the surfaces of the tube and the wheels whereby a portionof the fiber or paper is removed from the tube. After the tube has beenthus abraded it is then carried along to a point in its travel beyondthe end of the supporting slideway I00, whereupon the abraded tubeimmediately drops by gravity out of its sleeve receptacle 98 and issuitably discharged from the machine.

A further modification designed primarily to facilitate the adjustmentof the abradin wheels relative to each other is schematicallyrepresented in Fig, 6 and Fig. 7. I60, I60 represent a pair ofsubstantially parallel spaced arms each pivotally mounted in the samehorizontal plane and on a vertical axis or shaft IBI at a pointintermediate its ends. A suitable abrading wheel I62 is adapted to berotatably mounted on a vertical drive shaft IE3 at one end of eacharm-the two abrading wheels being normally urged into tangential contactwith a shot shell tube by a suit- 6 ajeod' ese able spring Iiit'connectedbetweenthe-arms andforward-ofthe vertical "shafts I 61; I 6'!Th'e usu' a1' belt and-pulley drivemeans forthe ab'rading units isindicated, in generak by the numerals -l 65 the-loading or feeding dia-l(not shown) described in connection with the foregoing abradin'gunitsisalso adaptedto be'used incombination-withthis-modification. -Anadjustingscrew I6 is the arml60 and 4has-a-tapered end orzpoint adaptedto be brought to bear against the "side of the ad-jacent'arm forthe-purpose of turning the latter'about itsiaxis and-thereby adjustinghspacingwfhe-a r ig w ls 15 shot shell during' its rotation; and means'to ro difierent gauge-=shot shells; The element -'|68-tats'-said-feeding-dia1/ intermittently?- represents-'- an additionaladjustingmeans andcomprises. a pivoted cam surface actuated by asuitablethumb screw or lever I 69-and adapted a horizontal plane above saidtable, said dial havto co-operate with a'camsurfacesuitably-formed120';ing peripherally' 'spaced apertures provided""with" bushings forsupporting shot shell" tubes, the

on-the adjacent end of the second-arml 69: The purpose of=.thepivotedcam-surface is -'to '-over-'- come any 'VinitiaL-destructiv'e abrading effectcaused Joy improper: spacing pf theiwheelswhich bases of which rest-on saidtable; ab'rading-meanscomprisingrotatable members" having spaced abrading band isput on the wheels:Byrotating the lever I69 -a camming" action" is eff'ec-ted between -theadj acent-cam surfaoes of the pivoted" cam and the 'lever whereby theabrading'surfaces anf'amountl'substanfiauy 30 "surfaces,saidsurfaces'being constructedamiab-- equal to the increased thicknessof*a riew abra*--- nged imult neously"t -pefipheraflfy eng'aggasive-band and hence any destructive abradin'g of the initial shellsnia-ybe avoided. Thereafter" and as soon as the-newabrading band' h'as-been slightl-y worn the -Ca-m surface maybe' pivoted 35- back to itsorig-inal positio'n tothereby' main tain the-properspacing of the:abradingsurfaces:

From the foregoing descriptionsmade with" reference-to the drawingsf itisbelieved to be evi'- dent-thatfithe present invention *disclosesa new"4 and novelmet-hddanumeans for automatically abraidir'ig limited areason the outer" peripheryor surface of" a fib OTP PBYW E,th t' in'gabrasive properties; a-powerdriven'belt to method embodlesanewcombinatiomabradine" rotate one of said members; asecondbelt'conunit-forconveyi ng f eelyn'iountedpap rwube meeting said membersto'drive one of said meminto peripheral contact with a pair" ofsurfacesfat least oneof-wh'ich has abra'sweproperties; and moving thesurfaces'reiatively'at' 'difierenfspeeds sothat the tu'beds supportedsimultaneouslyfafl opposite' tangential points of its" surface andcaused to rotateat a-r'esultaiit peripheral speedwhich is difi'erent'from" that of eit1'ferabra'din'g' wheel; wherebyanabradingactiomisefioted be tween the' su'rfa'ces of the? wheels andthe tube; and portiorisof 'the' tube'are' sanded "orshreddd' 55 saidtube. oif; Ji HACKMANi Whatis' claimed isz to index "the rotationof'said transferdml Where: by said tubes are-moved successively oversaid bushing of-saiatran'sfrdiai and b'ysaidengage merit to abrade'said'tube.

fixed table; a transfer diaI rotatablyimountedin a horizontal planeabovesaid table,-said dial having peripherally spaced apertures provided withspaced surfaces',.at least one'of said surfaces haV'-' movedsuccessively over said table into engagement with the rotatingspacedsurfaces' of said members, said surfaces being constructed andarranged simultaneously to peripherally engage a limited area of atuberotatably supported'in 1. In a shot-she1l tube abrading machine, awire brush abradingwvlieel, a 'second 'wi-rebi'ush abrading -whee1-rot'atably mounted' in spaced-re lation to saidfirstabrading whee};means for and- I66 respectively.- It-is"also understoowthat' drivingthefii'st i hr m idf-we'n bysaid first ab'rading wheel and 'conn'ectedto-the second wheel to drive-the latter at "awdifferent peripheralspeed, meta-l discs secured on the under side of said" ab'radir'rg' wlfeels' to--support' mounted on the frame a ia nt therear'=emi-0f'- 10the wire brushes;arotatabl feedin'g dial to move shot shell tubesintermittently intorotatively supported contact with said abr'adi'ng-Wheels; a metal disc secured 'on th'e-upper side of at 'least oneabrading wheel tolimit the' elevation ofthe;

2; In a shot shell-tube =abrading-zmachine: a fixed 'table; a transfrd-ial rotatably mounted tin- V surfaces; at least one of"saidsurfaceshavingmay occur-whenevera new-andre1atively*th1ckerabrasiveroperties; RISEIISiO"l'Otatesaidmem-sbers at different peripheral"speeds; and mean's table into engagement with the rotating r'spaced"limited area-of a tube rotatablysupported in the 3. In a shotshell'tu'b'e" abradingimachineya bushings" for supporting shot shelltubes, thebasesof which rest on said table; abrading. means comprisingrotatable members having;

has bythe'other member and at'a different pe-- ripheral speed; and meansto indexthe rotation of said transfer dial wherebysaid tubes are" saidbushingand by said'engagement to abrade" CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.Patent No. 2, 0, June 6, 191m.

HARVEY J. HACKMAN.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2,first column, line 19, before the word outlined" strike out "the" line55, for "of pockets" read -or pockets"; page 5, first column, line 21,for juxtaposed wheel" read juxtaposed Whee1s-; page 6, second column,line 50 claim 2, after "surfaces" first occurrence and before the comma,insert -of said members"; and that the said Letters Patent should beread with this correction therein that the same may conf cm to therecord of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of November, A. D. 19141;.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

